Research

When wanting to look smart gets in the way of learning

From a young age, we care about what people think of us. We want to have a good reputation: we want those around us to think that we’re smart, kind, generous, etc. But when do we begin to recognize that others might be driven by the same reputational concerns – and what are the implications for learning?

When help becomes too much: What overhelping can convey

Help is ubiquitous in everyday life, yet it can be deceptively difficult to calibrate. Providing too little help can lead to unproductive struggle, while providing too much – or ‘overhelping’ – can undermine independence and genuine growth. What makes some forms of help empowering and others dejecting?